Post translational modification（PTM） of proteins is involved in almost all life activities of cells and plays an important role in regulation. In the past decade, ubiquitination has become a research hotspot in PTM, and it also plays an increasingly important role in innate immunity caused by virus invasion. When the viruses invade the body, they will be recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptor (TLR) or retinoic acid induced gene-I like receptor (RLR), thus causing the activation of downstream antiviral signals to resist the virus invasion. The cross action between ubiquitination and proteins in these signal cascades enhances the antiviral signal. On the contrary, more and more viruses have also been found to use the ubiquitination system to inhibit TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity. Therefore, this review summarizes how the ubiquitination system plays a regulatory role in TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity, and how viruses use the ubiquitination system to complete immune escape. The relevant research progress was published in Frontiers in immunology on November 25, 2022 with the title of " viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity ". DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065211.